Joe Biden will conclude his five-day trip to Europe today standing alongside Nordic leaders in the Finnish capital Helsinki. Finland became Nato’s newest member earlier this year, while Turkey dropped its objections to Sweden joining the alliance at this week’s summit in Vilnius.
So what? The circle is almost complete. Putin’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed Finland and Sweden into the Western military alliance’s arms. The Baltic Sea is now a Nato Lake in all but name. But in some ways, the real winner of this week’s conference wasn’t Zelensky – who secured “enduring” security guarantees from the G7 – or even Sweden. It was Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Bazaar dealing. Since the 2015 migrant crisis, Erdoğan has proved himself the master dealer, leveraging concessions from the EU with the threat of more than 3.5 million Syrian refugees within Turkey’s borders.
After an earthquake killed more than 50,000 people in February and exposed the lax regulations underpinning the country’s construction boom, it looked like Erdoğan would fall in May’s general election. Somehow, he survived.
Choke point. Sweden’s accession to Nato was something Western powers were desperate to secure. Erdoğan saw a pressure point where he could push until the rewards were just too great to refuse:
Home front. Erdoğan still has immense problems to face at home.
He will be hoping for more cooperation with the EU. He extracted vague commitments to “re-energise” his country’s strained relationship with the bloc, with prospects of meetings to discuss visa-free travel for Turks. But EU membership dangled in front of Turkey in the early 2000s isn’t seriously on the cards.
Lac d’Nato. Sweden is a worthy addition to Nato. Unlike Paris or London, Stockholm doesn’t have to maintain expensive foreign bases or nuclear submarines. Like Finland, its military is built for one thing – stopping the Russian war machine in its tracks.
While Helsinki has concentrated on massive artillery and troop build-ups, Sweden has gone down the high-tech, stealth route. It has:
Erdoğan says Turkey’s parliament won’t ratify Sweden’s accession until October. He’s probably playing for time, and may come up with new demands. The West has learned that Erdoğan never gives something up for free.